NEC 430.81\u2013430.90 \u2014 Motor Controllers (Part VII)

What Part VII is (and where it sits in the motor trilogy)

Articles 38\u201340 of this series covered the motor circuit: conductors and short-circuit/ground-fault protection (430.22/430.52), overload protection (430.32/430.36), and the control circuit (430.72/430.75). Part VII is the device that actually starts and stops the motor \u2014 the starter, the contactor, the switch, the combination controller. One governing sentence: Part VII is intended to require suitable controllers for all motors (430.81). Every rule below is a question about suitability: what kind of device, rated how, may interrupt this motor's current \u2014 including the locked-rotor inrush it sees on every start?

The parts that immediately follow \u2014 Part VIII motor control centers (430.92\u2013430.99) \u2014 are a separate article topic and are not covered here. 430.86 does not exist in either the 2017 or the 2023 code (verified on disk): the Part VII sequence is 430.81, 430.82, 430.83, 430.84, 430.85, 430.87, 430.88, 430.89, 430.90 \u2014 note the gap at 430.86.

430.8 \u2014 Marking on Controllers (2017, verbatim on disk)

430.8 Marking on Controllers. A controller shall be marked with the manufacturer's name or identification, the voltage, the current or horsepower rating, the short-circuit current rating, and other necessary data to properly indicate the applications for which it is suitable.

Exception No. 1: The short-circuit current rating is not required for controllers applied in accordance with 430.81(A) or (B).

Exception No. 2: The short-circuit current rating is not required to be marked on the controller when the short-circuit current rating of the controller is marked elsewhere on the assembly.

Exception No. 3: The short-circuit current rating is not required to be marked on the controller when the assembly into which it is installed has a marked short-circuit current rating.

Exception No. 4: Short-circuit current ratings are not required for controllers rated less than 2 hp at 300 V or less and listed exclusively for general-purpose branch circuits.

A controller that includes motor overload protection suitable for group motor application shall be marked with the motor overload protection and the maximum branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protection for such applications. Combination controllers that employ adjustable instantaneous trip circuit breakers shall be clearly marked to indicate the ampere settings of the adjustable trip element. Where a controller is built in as an integral part of a motor or of a motor-generator set, individual marking of the controller shall not be required if the necessary data are on the nameplate. For controllers that are an integral part of equipment approved as a unit, the above marking shall be permitted on the equipment nameplate.

Informational Note: See 110.10 for information on circuit impedance and other characteristics.

430.9 \u2014 Terminals (2017, verbatim on disk)

430.9 Terminals.

(A) Markings. Terminals of motors and controllers shall be suitably marked or colored where necessary to indicate the proper connections.

(B) Conductors. Motor controllers and terminals of control circuit devices shall be connected with copper conductors unless identified for use with a different conductor.

(C) Torque Requirements. Control circuit devices with screw-type pressure terminals used with 14 AWG or smaller copper conductors shall be torqued to a minimum of 0.8 N\u2281m (7 lb\u2281in.) unless identified for a different torque value.

Part VII \u2014 Motor Controllers

430.81 \u2014 General: when the disconnect IS the controller

430.81 General. Part VII is intended to require suitable controllers for all motors.

(A) Stationary Motor of 1/8 Horsepower or Less. For a stationary motor rated at 1/8 hp or less that is normally left running and is constructed so that it cannot be damaged by overload or failure to start, such as clock motors and the like, the branch-circuit disconnecting means shall be permitted to serve as the controller.

(B) Portable Motor of 1/3 Horsepower or Less. For a portable motor rated at 1/3 hp or less, the controller shall be permitted to be an attachment plug and receptacle or cord connector.

430.82 \u2014 Controller Design

430.82 Controller Design.

(A) Starting and Stopping. Each controller shall be capable of starting and stopping the motor it controls and shall be capable of interrupting the locked-rotor current of the motor.

(B) Autotransformer. An autotransformer starter shall provide an "off" position, a running position, and at least one starting position. It shall be designed so that it cannot rest in the starting position or in any position that will render the overload device in the circuit inoperative.

(C) Rheostats. Rheostats shall be in compliance with the following:

(1) Motor-starting rheostats shall be designed so that the contact arm cannot be left on intermediate segments. The point or plate on which the arm rests when in the starting position shall have no electrical connection with the resistor.

(2) Motor-starting rheostats for dc motors operated from a constant voltage supply shall be equipped with automatic devices that will interrupt the supply before the speed of the motor has fallen to less than one-third its normal rate.

430.83 \u2014 Ratings (the heart of Part VII)

430.83 Ratings. The controller shall have a rating as specified in 430.83(A), unless otherwise permitted in 430.83(B) or (C), or as specified in (D), under the conditions specified.

(A) General.

(1) Horsepower Ratings. Controllers, other than inverse time circuit breakers and molded case switches, shall have horsepower ratings at the application voltage not lower than the horsepower rating of the motor.

(2) Circuit Breaker. A branch-circuit inverse time circuit breaker rated in amperes shall be permitted as a controller for all motors. Where this circuit breaker is also used for overload protection, it shall conform to the appropriate provisions of this article governing overload protection.

(3) Molded Case Switch. A molded case switch rated in amperes shall be permitted as a controller for all motors.

(B) Small Motors. Devices as specified in 430.81(A) and (B) shall be permitted as a controller.

(C) Stationary Motors of 2 Horsepower or Less. For stationary motors rated at 2 hp or less and 300 volts or less, the controller shall be permitted to be either of the following:

(1) A general-use switch having an ampere rating not less than twice the full-load current rating of the motor

(2) On ac circuits, a general-use snap switch suitable only for use on ac (not general-use ac-dc snap switches) where the motor full-load current rating is not more than 80 percent of the ampere rating of the switch

(D) Torque Motors. For torque motors, the controller shall have a continuous-duty, full-load current rating not less than the nameplate current rating of the motor. For a motor controller rated in horsepower but not marked with the foregoing current rating, the equivalent current rating shall be determined from the horsepower rating by using Table 430.247, Table 430.248, Table 430.249, or Table 430.250.

(E) Voltage Rating. A controller with a straight voltage rating, for example, 240 volts or 480 volts, shall be permitted to be applied in a circuit in which the nominal voltage between any two conductors does not exceed the controller's voltage rating. A controller with a slash rating, for example, 120/240 volts or 480Y/277 volts, shall only be applied in a solidly grounded circuit in which the nominal voltage to ground from any conductor does not exceed the lower of the two values of the controller's voltage rating and the nominal voltage between any two conductors does not exceed the higher value of the controller's voltage rating.

(F) NEW \u2014 in 2023, not in 2017 A motor controller shall not be installed where the available fault current exceeds the motor controller's short-circuit current rating.

Informational Note: The short-circuit current rating might be marked on the device or might be a rating for a tested combination specified in the motor controller's technical manual or instruction sheet.

(F) is the 2023 addition that pairs the SCR marking requirement in 430.8 with an installation limit: the marking tells you the number, (F) tells you what the number must exceed \u2014 the available fault current at the controller. The Informational Note matters in practice: many combination controllers are listed with a tested-combination SCR in the catalog, not on the door.

430.84 \u2014 Need Not Open All Conductors (2017, verbatim on disk)

430.84 Need Not Open All Conductors. The controller shall not be required to open all conductors to the motor.

Exception: Where the controller serves also as a disconnecting means, it shall open all ungrounded conductors to the motor as provided in 430.111.

430.85 \u2014 In Grounded Conductors (2017, verbatim on disk)

430.85 In Grounded Conductors. One pole of the controller shall be permitted to be placed in a permanently grounded conductor, provided the controller is designed so that the pole in the grounded conductor cannot be opened without simultaneously opening all conductors of the circuit.

430.87 \u2014 Number of Motors Served by Each Controller (2017, verbatim on disk)

430.87 Number of Motors Served by Each Controller. Each motor shall be provided with an individual controller.

Exception No. 1: For motors rated 1000 volts or less, a single controller rated at not less than the equivalent horsepower, as determined in accordance with 430.110(C)(1), of all the motors in the group shall be permitted to serve the group under any of the following conditions:

(a) Where a number of motors drive several parts of a single machine or piece of apparatus, such as metal and woodworking machines, cranes, hoists, and similar apparatus

(b) Where a group of motors is under the protection of one overcurrent device as permitted in 430.53(A)

(c) Where a group of motors is located in a single room within sight from the controller location

Exception No. 2: A branch-circuit disconnecting means serving as the controller as allowed in 430.81(A) shall be permitted to serve more than one motor.

430.88 \u2014 Adjustable-Speed Motors (2017, verbatim on disk)

430.88 Adjustable-Speed Motors. Adjustable-speed motors that are controlled by means of field regulation shall be equipped and connected so that they cannot be started under a weakened field.

Exception: Starting under a weakened field shall be permitted where the motor is designed for such starting.

430.89 \u2014 Speed Limitation (2017, verbatim on disk)

430.89 Speed Limitation. Machines of the following types shall be provided with speed-limiting devices or other speed-limiting means:

(1) Separately excited dc motors

(2) Series motors

(3) Motor-generators and converters that can be driven at excessive speed from the dc end, as by a reversal of current or decrease in load

Exception: Separate speed-limiting devices or means shall not be required under either of the following conditions:

(1) Where the inherent characteristics of the machines, the system, or the load and the mechanical connection thereto are such as to safely limit the speed

(2) Where the machine is always under the manual control of a qualified operator

430.90 \u2014 Combination Fuseholder and Switch as Controller (2017, verbatim on disk)

430.90 Combination Fuseholder and Switch as Controller. The rating of a combination fuseholder and switch used as a motor controller shall be such that the fuseholder will accommodate the size of the fuse specified in Part III of this article for motor overload protection.

Exception: Where fuses having time delay appropriate for the starting characteristics of the motor are used, fuseholders of smaller size than specified in Part III of this article shall be permitted.

The edition history, verified line by line

Every body in Part VII (430.81\u2013430.90) plus 430.8 and 430.9 was word-level diffed, 2017 on-disk scan against the on-disk 2023 NEC CSV. The result:

• One substantive change (the verified 2017\u21922023 diff): new subsection 430.83(F) \u2014 the short-circuit-current-rating installation limit, with its Informational Note about tested combinations. This is the only inserted text of any length in the whole Part VII scope; a programmatic word-level diff isolates exactly those two sentences and nothing else.
• Bookkeeping only, everywhere else: "controller" \u2192 "motor controller" (the 2023 code's systematic disambiguation from generic controllers); 430.83(A) loses its "General." subheading (2023 prints (A)(1)/(2)/(3) directly); 430.87 Exception No. 1 items (a)/(b)/(c) \u2192 (1)/(2)/(3); 430.84 loses its heading text; 430.8's exceptions are re-cast around the now-explicit SCR marking sentence.
• Every numeric value is unchanged 2017\u21922023: 1/8 hp (430.81(A)), 1/3 hp (430.81(B)), 2 hp / 300 V (430.83(C)), 2\u00d7 full-load current, 80 percent (snap switch), 1000 V (430.87), one-third normal rate (430.82(C)(2)), 0.8 N\u2281m (430.9(C)). The 2017 scan's garbled 1/8 and 1/3 fractions are OCR artifacts \u2014 the values are the same in both editions.
• 2020 gap, disclosed honestly: the on-disk 2020 scan ends at Article 230, so no 2017\u21922020 word-diff is claimed for Part VII, and the edition of origin for 430.83(F) cannot be pinned from the on-disk sources. It is absent from the 2017 scan (verified) and present in the 2023 CSV (verified); a free EC&M "Part 7" field article that walks 430.83(A)(1)\u2013(E) with no (F) is consistent with (F) post-dating that article's code edition, but the article states no edition, so it is corroboration only. This article therefore claims exactly one thing: 430.83(F) is in the 2023 code and was not in the 2017 code \u2014 the 2017\u21922023 delta, verified on disk.

Worked examples (all computed by the shipped core under node)

Every number below comes from compute_art41.js run under node against the real shipped cores (pickConductor31016, T31016, nextStdBreaker, CH9_T8, smallConductorCap) and the on-disk Table 430.248/430.250 full-load-current values. No hand math.

EX1 \u2014 430.83(C)(1): the 2\u00d7 rule, 1 hp single-phase 230 V

FLC from Table 430.248 (230 V column) = 8.0 A. The motor is inside (C)'s scope (1 \u2264 2 && 230 \u2264 300 = true). The general-use switch must be rated at not less than 2 \u00d7 8.0 = 16.0 A \u2192 next standard rating 20 A. Conductors for the same motor (430.22, cross-reference): 125% \u00d7 8.0 = 10.0 A \u2192 14 AWG Cu in either the 75 \u00b0C (20 A) or 60 \u00b0C (15 A) column \u2014 and the branch OCPD is capped at 15 A for 14 AWG by 240.4(D) unless the 430.22(G) small-motor motor-circuit rules (article 38) apply.

2 \u00d7 8.0 A = 16.0 A \u2192 20 A switch \u00b7 conductors 125% \u00d7 8.0 = 10.0 A \u2192 14 AWG Cu (240.4(D) cap 15 A)

EX2 \u2014 430.83(C)(2): the 80% rule, same 1 hp motor, ac snap switch

Same 8.0 A FLC. The snap-switch rule runs the other direction: motor FLC \u2264 80% \u00d7 switch rating, so the switch rating must be at least 8.0 \u00f7 0.80 = 10.0 A \u2192 next standard 15 A. Check at 15 A: 80% \u00d7 15 = 12.0 A \u2265 8.0 A \u2713. Note the switch must be the ac-only kind \u2014 a general-purpose ac-dc snap switch is explicitly disqualified by the code text.

8.0 A \u00f7 0.80 = 10.0 A \u2192 15 A ac snap switch (80% \u00d7 15 A = 12.0 A \u2265 8.0 A FLC)

EX2b \u2014 the (C) ceiling: 2 hp single-phase 230 V, both paths side by side

The largest motor (C) will take: FLC (Table 430.248, 2 hp, 230 V) = 12.0 A. (C)(1): 2 \u00d7 12.0 = 24.0 A \u2192 25 A general-use switch. (C)(2): 12.0 \u00f7 0.80 = 15.0 A \u2192 15 A ac-only snap switch \u2014 and this one sits exactly on the boundary, since 80% \u00d7 15.0 A = 12.0 A = the FLC (the rule permits "not more than 80 percent", so equality passes). The 80% path picks a smaller device \u2014 which is exactly why it exists \u2014 but you give up general-purpose switching for the ac-limited one.

(C)(1) path: 25 A switch \u00b7 (C)(2) path: 15 A ac snap switch (boundary case: 80% \u00d7 15 A = 12.0 A = FLC)

EX3 \u2014 outside the (C) ceiling: 3 hp single-phase 230 V

A 3 hp motor is outside (C) entirely \u2014 c_available = (3 \u2264 2) && (230 \u2264 300) = false. The (C) formulas would have computed 2 \u00d7 17.0 A = 34.0 A \u2192 35 A, but the ceiling applies first: those paths simply do not exist for this motor. It must use (A)(1) \u2014 a controller rated \u2265 3 hp at 230 V \u2014 or the (A)(2)/(A)(3) amperes-rated paths (inverse time circuit breaker or molded case switch rated in amperes, which are permitted for all motors).

3 hp \u2192 (C) NOT available (3 > 2 hp) \u2192 (A)(1) controller \u2265 3 hp at 230 V (or (A)(2) inverse breaker / (A)(3) molded-case switch)

EX4 \u2014 430.83(D): torque motor, nameplate current governs

A torque motor (a dc or ac motor designed to produce torque at near-zero speed \u2014 the "holding" motor) is rated by current, not horsepower. Nameplate 10 A \u2192 the controller's continuous-duty full-load current rating must be \u2265 10 A. Conductors at 125% \u00d7 10 = 12.5 A \u2192 14 AWG Cu (75 \u00b0C column, 20 A; the 240.4(D) OCPD cap of 15 A still applies to the overcurrent device, not to the ampacity pick). A 25 A torque motor: 125% \u00d7 25 = 31.25 A \u2192 10 AWG Cu (75 \u00b0C column, 35 A). If the controller is hp-rated but not current-marked, the hp \u2192 current conversion goes through Tables 430.247\u2013430.250.

10 A nameplate \u2192 \u226510 A controller, conductors 12.5 A \u2192 14 AWG Cu \u00b7 25 A nameplate \u2192 31.25 A \u2192 10 AWG Cu

EX5 \u2014 430.83(E): straight vs slash voltage ratings

Straight rating: a "480 V" controller may be applied wherever the nominal voltage between any two conductors is \u2264 480 V \u2014 so a straight-480 V controller on a 460 V system: 460 \u2264 480 = true, legal. Slash rating: a "480Y/277 V" controller may only be applied on a solidly grounded system where voltage-to-ground \u2264 277 V AND line-to-line \u2264 480 V. A 480Y/277 system: both true \u2713. But a 480 V delta system with 300 V to ground (corner-grounded or ungrounded): 300 > 277 \u2192 not permitted \u2014 the lower slash value caps the voltage-to-ground, and a delta system can exceed it.

straight 480 V @ 460 V system: legal \u00b7 480Y/277 on 480Y/277: legal \u00b7 480Y/277 on a 480 V system with 300 V-to-ground: NOT permitted

EX6 \u2014 430.83(F) [NEW 2023]: available fault current at the controller

EX6a (upstream of any transformer): 480 V system with 100 kA available at the 480 V bus. Source impedance: Z = V_ph/1000/I_sc = (277.13/1000)/100 = 0.002771 \u03a9. Conductor: 25 ft of 2/0 Cu, R = 0.0967 \u03a9/kft from the shipped CH9_T8 core (Chapter 9, Table 8) \u2192 Z = 0.002417 \u03a9. Total Z = 0.005189 \u03a9 \u2192 available fault current at the controller = 277.13 \u00f7 0.005189 = 53.41 kA. A controller marked 50 kA: 50 \u2265 53.41 = false \u2192 fails 430.83(F). A 65 kA controller: passes. (Resistance-only impedance: omitting X underestimates Z and overestimates I_sc \u2014 a conservative direction for an installation check.)

EX6b (downstream of a transformer): same plant, but the controller is on the 208 V side of a 100 kVA, 480/208 V, 5% transformer. Source impedance referred to the 208 V side: 0.002771 \u00d7 (208/480)\u00b2 = 0.000520 \u03a9; transformer: Z = V\u00b2 \u00d7 (%Z/100) \u00f7 S = 208\u00b2 \u00d7 0.05 \u00f7 100,000 = 0.021632 \u03a9; same conductor 0.002417 \u03a9. Total = 0.024570 \u03a9 \u2192 available fault current = 120.09 \u00f7 0.024570 = 4.89 kA. A 10 kA controller now passes. The transformer is doing the work: (F) applies at the point of installation, and a controller that would fail at the 480 V bus is fine on the 208 V secondary.

480 V bus, 100 kA source, 25 ft 2/0 Cu: 53.41 kA available \u2192 50 kA SCR fails, 65 kA passes \u00b7 behind a 100 kVA 5% xfmr: 4.89 kA \u2192 10 kA passes

EX7 \u2014 430.87 Exception No. 1(a): one controller for three motors

A metalworking machine with 3 \u00d7 5 hp, three-phase, 460 V motors (spindle, feed, pump) drives parts of a single machine \u2014 Exception No. 1(a) applies. Each motor's FLC (Table 430.250, 460 V column) = 7.6 A; combined = 22.8 A. The equivalent horsepower is the first table entry at 460 V with FLC \u2265 22.8 A: 15 hp = 21 A (too small), 20 hp = 27 A \u2192 one controller rated \u2265 20 hp at 460 V serves all three. (The locked-rotor side of 430.110(C)(1) \u2014 Tables 430.251(A)/(B) \u2014 sets the disconnecting means rating, which is the companion article's job.)

3 \u00d7 7.6 A = 22.8 A combined FLC \u2192 equivalent 20 hp (next 460 V table entry \u2265 22.8 A) \u2192 one 20 hp controller

EX8 \u2014 430.90: the combination fuseholder must fit the Part III overload fuse

A 5 hp single-phase 230 V motor on a combination controller: FLC (Table 430.248) = 28.0 A. The Part III (430.32) thermal overload for a standard motor is 125% \u00d7 FLC = 35.0 A \u2014 the size of fuse that protects the motor. 430.90 says the fuseholder must accommodate that fuse: a 35 A holder. If time-delay fuses appropriate to the motor's starting characteristics are used instead, the Exception permits a smaller holder.

28.0 A FLC \u00d7 125% = 35.0 A overload fuse \u2192 35 A fuseholder (Exception: smaller with time-delay fuses)

EX9 \u2014 430.81: the small-motor boundary values (the OCR-garbled ones)

The two fractions the 2017 scan garbled, with their clean values and context: a stationary 1/8 hp motor that is normally left running and overload-proof (clock motor) \u2014 the branch-circuit disconnecting means is the controller, no starter needed. A portable 1/3 hp motor \u2014 the attachment plug and receptacle or cord connector is the controller (this is why your table saw's cord is a legitimate "controller"). One step up and the exceptions close: 1/4 hp stationary 1\u2030 230 V = 2.9 A FLC, 1/2 hp portable 1\u2030 230 V = 4.9 A FLC \u2014 those motors need a real controller per 430.83 (though the (C) switch paths may still apply at their sizes).

1/8 hp stationary (left running, overload-proof) \u2192 disconnect = controller \u00b7 1/3 hp portable \u2192 plug/cord = controller \u00b7 1/4 hp / 1/2 hp \u2192 outside the exceptions

Gotchas

• 430.86 does not exist. The Part VII sequence skips from 430.85 to 430.87 in both 2017 and 2023 (verified on disk). If a study guide or old notes cite "430.86", it is wrong \u2014 or it is citing a pre-1990 code where the numbering was different. This article's scope is 430.81\u2013430.90 as they exist in 2017/2023.
• The 2\u00d7 rule is a floor on the switch, not a target. 430.83(C)(1) says "not less than twice" the FLC \u2014 34.0 A computed, 35 A selected (next standard). People size the switch at exactly 2\u00d7 and buy a nonstandard size that doesn't exist.
• The 80% rule only works with an ac-ONLY snap switch. The code names the disqualification explicitly: "not general-use ac-dc snap switches". An ac-dc snap switch at 80% is not a motor controller, full stop \u2014 use the 2\u00d7 general-use switch instead.
• (C) closes at 2 hp AND 300 V. Both limits are in the section heading: "2 hp or less and 300 volts or less". A 2 hp motor at 460 V is outside (C) even though it is under the hp limit \u2014 it needs the (A) paths.
• 430.83(F) is an installation check at the point of the controller, not a nameplate trivia. The same controller can fail (F) at one location and pass at another (EX6a vs EX6b). And the SCR may live in the catalog's tested-combination listing, not on the door \u2014 the Informational Note says so explicitly.
• A controller that is also the disconnect must open all ungrounded conductors (430.84 Exception). One-pole is fine as a controller alone (430.84 main text), but the moment it doubles as the disconnecting means, 430.111 takes over and it must be full multi-pole.
• The 2017 scan's fractions are OCR garbage \u2014 "4 hp" / "4% hp" / "% hp". The real values are 1/8 hp (430.81(A)) and 1/3 hp (430.81(B)), confirmed by the clean 2023 CSV. If you are studying from the 2017 print and the fractions look like "4", trust the 2023 text.
• Torque motors are current-rated, not hp-rated (430.83(D)). Reaching for Table 430.250 to convert a torque motor's nameplate is backwards \u2014 the nameplate current is the rating, and the tables are only the fallback for a controller that is hp-marked without a current mark.

The method, step by step

1. Is it a 1/8 hp stationary (left running, overload-proof) or 1/3 hp portable motor? If yes, the disconnect or the plug is the controller (430.81) \u2014 done. (EX9.)
2. Is it \u2264 2 hp AND \u2264 300 V? If yes, you may use a general-use switch at \u2265 2\u00d7 FLC (430.83(C)(1)) or an ac-only snap switch at \u2265 FLC/0.80 (430.83(C)(2)). (EX1, EX2, EX3.)
3. Otherwise use the (A) paths: a controller hp-rated \u2265 the motor's hp at the application voltage (A)(1), an inverse time circuit breaker rated in amperes (A)(2), or a molded case switch rated in amperes (A)(3). Torque motors: current-rated \u2265 nameplate current (D). (EX4.)
4. Check the voltage rating (E): straight rating vs line-to-line; slash rating vs to-ground (lower) and line-to-line (higher), solidly grounded only. (EX5.)
5. Check the SCR (F, 2023): available fault current at the controller \u2264 the controller's SCR (marked or tested-combination). (EX6.)
6. Multiple motors? One controller per motor unless 430.87 Exception No. 1 (group conditions + equivalent hp) or No. 2 (430.81(A) disconnect) applies. (EX7.)
7. Size the conductors per Part II (430.22 \u2014 125% of FLC) and the branch OCPD per Part IV (430.52 \u2014 article 38); the overload per Part III (430.32 \u2014 article 39). Part VII is only the device that starts and stops \u2014 it does not size the circuit around it. (EX8 for the 430.90 fuseholder tie-in.)

FAQ